每天一个安卓测试开发小知识之 （五）---常用的adb shell命令第三期 pm命令第二期
每天一个安卓测试开发小知识之 （五）---常用的adb shell命令第三期 pm命令第二期上一期我们简单介绍了pm 命令的安装卸载，以及查看已安装的app的功能。本期继续介绍
[*]查看已安装的第三方包
[*]获取app的启动activity
[*]清除应用数据
[*]启用被禁用或者禁用 应用/组件
[*]隐藏/展示应用icon
[*]授予应用权限，以及查看app声明的权限
1. 查看已安装的第三方包
包分为设备制造商应用（第一方应用）和第三方应用，例如
[*]手机里的设置、电话、通讯录就属于第一方应用
[*]微信、qq、支付宝 就属于第三方应用
adb shell pm list packages 会列出已安装的包名，如何获取到已安装的第三方的包，查看pm命令的帮助可以看到
list packages [-f] [-d] [-e] [-s] [-q] [-3] [-i] [-l] [-u] [-U]
[--show-versioncode] [--apex-only] [--factory-only]
[--uid UID] [--user USER_ID]
Prints all packages; optionally only those whose name contains
the text in FILTER.Options are:
-f: see their associated file
-a: all known packages (but excluding APEXes)
-d: filter to only show disabled packages
-e: filter to only show enabled packages
-s: filter to only show system packages
-3: filter to only show third party packages
-i: see the installer for the packages
-l: ignored (used for compatibility with older releases)
-U: also show the package UID
-u: also include uninstalled packages
--show-versioncode: also show the version code
--apex-only: only show APEX packages
--factory-only: only show system packages excluding updates
--uid UID: filter to only show packages with the given UID
--user USER_ID: only list packages belonging to the given user
--match-libraries: include packages that declare static shared and SDK libraries有很多参数，例如 -f -a -e -s -3 等，具体的参数含义可以自行查看，只在这里起一个抛砖引玉的作用。
-3查看第三方应用
2.获取app的启动activity
在做自动化测试时，经常需要启动应用，可以通过adb命令打开应用的启动activity，或者UI点击app的icon
例如获取小米天气的启动activity
adb shell pm dump-package com.miui.weather2com.miui.weather2 小米天气的包名，执行命令可以看到很多输出，我们需要重点过滤 android.intent.action.MAIN: 的下一行，来获取启动activity。以linux为例 执行以下命令
adb shell pm dump-package com.miui.weather2 | grep -A 2 -B 2 "android.intent.action.MAIN:"
小米天气的启动activity就是 com.miui.weather2/.ActivityWeatherMain，打开activity的命令就是 adb shell am start 启动activity
执行该命令就会在小米手机上打开天气，am命令将后续进行介绍
3. 清除应用数据
adb shell pm clear packageName 该操作不仅会清除app的全部数据，还会杀死app进程
同样pm clear命令也有参数
clear [--user USER_ID] [--cache-only] PACKAGE
Deletes data associated with a package. Options are:
--user: specifies the user for which we need to clear data
--cache-only: a flag which tells if we only need to clear cache data--cache-only 只清除缓存数据，不杀死进程
4. 启用/禁用应用/组件
4.1 安卓四大组件
组件名称 | 中文名 | 主要作用
Activity | 活动 | 提供用户界面，与用户交互
Service | 服务 | 在后台执行长时间运行操作
Broadcast Receiver | 广播接收器 | 响应系统范围内的广播消息
Content Provider | 内容提供器 | 管理应用数据的共享
四大组件的详细介绍，后续文章给出
4.2 启用被禁用的应用/组件
adb shell pm enable packageName/componentName packageName/componentName 应用/组件
4.3 禁用的应用/组件
adb shell pm disenable packageName/componentName packageName/componentName 应用/组件
5. 隐藏/展示应用icon
adb shell pm hide com.android.settings 隐藏设置的icon 【icon 应用的启动图标】
adb shell pm unhide com.android.settings 显示设置的icon
6. 授予应用权限
adb shell pm grant perssionName perssionName权限名称
例如授予天气 发送通知的权限 android.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS
授予app权限时需要保证app unhide
6.1 如何查询app需要授予哪些权限
adb shell pm dump-packagepackageName 命令过滤出关键字 permission
例如 获取天气应用声明的权限
adb shell pm dump-package com.miui.weather2 | grep -i permissionmi@mi-ThinkCentre-M760t:~$ adb shell pm dump-package com.miui.weather2 | grep -i permission
1ddc1d3 com.miui.weather2/.backup.cloud.WeatherCloudBackupService filter 8ac0110 permission com.xiaomi.permission.CLOUD_MANAGER
1ddc1d3 com.miui.weather2/.backup.cloud.WeatherCloudBackupService filter 8ac0110 permission com.xiaomi.permission.CLOUD_MANAGER
Permissions:
Permission (8f2e443):
perm=PermissionInfo{58b4f95 com.miui.weather2.permission.MIPUSH_RECEIVE}
Permissions:
Permission (fc9cac0):
perm=PermissionInfo{e295c9b com.miui.weather2.permission.WRITE_DB}
installPermissionsFixed=false
declared permissions:
com.miui.weather2.permission.WRITE_DB: prot=signature
com.miui.weather2.permission.MIPUSH_RECEIVE: prot=signature
requested permissions:
android.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS
android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
miui.permission.USE_INTERNAL_GENERAL_API
android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE
android.permission.READ_MEDIA_VISUAL_USER_SELECTED
android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED
android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE
android.permission.GET_TASKS
android.permission.INTERNET
com.miui.securitycenter.permission.SYSTEM_PERMISSION_DECLARE
android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
com.xiaomi.mihomemanager.permission.receiveNormalBroadcast
com.miui.weather2.permission.MIPUSH_RECEIVE
android.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES
android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE
android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
android.permission.SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM
com.miui.weather2.permission.WRITE_DB
android.permission.VIBRATE
com.miui.securitycenter.permission.PERM_USE_INFO
android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE
android.permission.QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES
android.permission.WAKE_LOCK
miui.permission.EXTRA_NETWORK
android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION
install permissions:
android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE: granted=true
android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED: granted=true
android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE: granted=true
android.permission.GET_TASKS: granted=true
android.permission.INTERNET: granted=true
com.xiaomi.mihomemanager.permission.receiveNormalBroadcast: granted=true
com.miui.weather2.permission.MIPUSH_RECEIVE: granted=true
android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE: granted=true
android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE: granted=true
com.miui.weather2.permission.WRITE_DB: granted=true
android.permission.VIBRATE: granted=true
com.miui.securitycenter.permission.PERM_USE_INFO: granted=true
android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE: granted=true
android.permission.QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES: granted=true
android.permission.WAKE_LOCK: granted=true
runtime permissions:
android.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS: granted=true, flags=[ USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_GRANTED|USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_DENIED]
android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION: granted=false, flags=[ USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_GRANTED|USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_DENIED]
android.permission.READ_MEDIA_VISUAL_USER_SELECTED: granted=false, flags=[ USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_GRANTED|USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_DENIED]
android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION: granted=false, flags=[ USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_GRANTED|USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_DENIED]
android.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES: granted=false, flags=[ USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_GRANTED|USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_DENIED]
android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION: granted=false, flags=[ USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_GRANTED|USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_DENIED|RESTRICTION_UPGRADE_EXEMPT]会发现有些权限上 granted=false ，对于这些权限就可以通过 adb shell pm grant 命令授予权限，授予完后 granted=true
今天先介绍到这里，每天进步一点点！！
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